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A study published in Nature Medicine identified molecular and cellular characteristics of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell infusion products that are associated with how patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) respond to treatment and develop adverse events (AEs). Based on the outcomes, within the first week of CAR T-cell therapy, clinicians may be able to identify a subset of patients who could experience worse outcomes or AEs based on early changes in circulating tumor DNA, according to the researchers.Researchers performed single-cell RNA sequencing with capture-based cell identification on CAR T-cells to identify transcriptomic features associated with efficacy and toxicity in 24 patients with LBCL.Patients who achieved a complete response by positron emission tomography/computed tomography at three months of follow-up had threefold higher frequencies of CD8 T-cells expressing memory signatures compared with patients with partial response or progressive disease. Molecular response measured by cell-free DNA sequencing at day seven after CAR T-cell infusion was significantly associated with clinical response (P=0.008), and a signature of CD8 T-cell exhaustion was associated with a poor molecular response.A rare cell population with monocyte-like transcriptional features was associated (P=0.0002) with high-grade immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, which can delay patient recovery and increase the need for hospitalization, according to the researchers.&ldquo;Our results suggest that heterogeneity in the cellular and molecular features of CAR T-cell infusion products contributes to variation in efficacy and toxicity in LBCL and that day seven molecular response might serve as an early predictor of CAR T-cell efficacy,&rdquo; the researchers concluded.&nbsp;

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Study Identifies Characteristics Associated with CAR T-Cell Treatment Response, Toxicity

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A study published in Nature Medicine identified molecular and cellular characteristics of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell infusion products that are ...

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