MDS experts tell of the clinical factors they consider when selecting from the available agent options. An MDS expert panel discusses findings from the trial's comparison of luspatercept with ESAs in this setting. Phase II study data demonstrate this benefit in patients with low-risk myeloid malignancies or precursor conditions. Final data from a phase II trial suggest a promising option for elderly patients with this serious disease. Dr. Chedid brings an update highlighting the most noteworthy recent findings from MDS clinical trials. Results from a new analysis further support the initial findings of the global, phase III IMerge trial. This noninvasive technique is a potential improvement over bone marrow aspiration in MDS clinical evaluation and monitoring. This would be the fourth authorized indication for luspatercept in the European Union. The panel shares their outlook for the future of MDS research and treatment. Dr. Tanaka outlines a biomarker study that observed reduced inflammation in patients with MDS treated with luspatercept. The panel discussed a study that assessed quality of life and PROs in patients receiving luspatercept for MDS. The panel discusses whether starting treatment with luspatercept sooner in patients with MDS is beneficial. Dr. Shammo shares her reaction to a study that assessed mutational burden and impact on primary outcomes in COMMANDS. Dr. Safah outlines the findings from the full analysis of the COMMANDS trial. The panel discusses the evolution of MDS therapy and how the MEDALIST trial set the stage for luspatercept. Dr. Safah gave an overview of myelodysplastic syndromes. The panel discusses forward-looking thoughts for the treatment of low-risk MDS. The panel talks about the use of transplant for patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. The panel discusses other treatments undergoing research for MDS, including imetelstat and KER-050. The panel shared their thoughts on real-world data of luspatercept presented at ASH 2023.